A Report published in 2011, explains a US initiative to develop a potential framework for “a New Taxonomy of human disease based on molecular biology”:

A Knowledge Network of Disease could embrace and inform rapidly expanding efforts by the biomedical research community to define at the molecular level the disease predispositions and pathogenic processes occurring in individuals. This network has the potential to play a critical role across the globe for the public-health and health-care-delivery communities by enabling development of a more accurate, molecularly-informed taxonomy of disease

Toward Precision Medicine: Building a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research and a New Taxonomy of Disease

National Research Council (US) Committee on A Framework for Developing a New Taxonomy of Disease.
Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011.
ISBN-13: 978-0-309-22222-8ISBN-10: 0-309-22222-2
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK91503/

Especially of interest, Chapter 2:

• 2. Why Now?
  • BIOLOGY HAS BECOME A DATA-INTENSIVE SCIENCE
  • THE OPPORTUNITY TO INTEGRATE DATA-INTENSIVE BIOLOGY WITH MEDICINE
  • THE URGENT NEED TO BETTER UNDERSTAND PHENOTYPE-GENOTYPE CORRELATIONS
  • DRAMATIC ADVANCES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ARE DRIVING SYSTEMIC CHANGE
  • GATHERING INFORMATION FROM INFORMAL DATA SOURCES
  • INTEGRATING CLINICAL MEDICINE AND BASIC SCIENCE
  • MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS ARE READY FOR CHANGE
  • PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD INFORMATION AND PRIVACY ARE IN FLUX
  • THE PROPOSED KNOWLEDGE NETWORK OF DISEASE COULD CATALYZE CHANGES IN BIOLOGY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, MEDICINE, AND SOCIETY